Crash Course: Understanding NEVI (National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program)

Understanding the National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program (NEVI)

The electric vehicle (EV) sector is experiencing significant growth. However, widespread EV adoption hinges on the development of a comprehensive and reliable charging infrastructure. The National Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Formula Program (NEVI), established by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law of 2021 [Department of Energy], represents a $5 billion federal initiative designed to address this critical need.

Table of Contents

1. Key Provisions of NEVI
2. The Players
3. NEVI Roadmap for Project Approval
4. Current Stage & Future Trajectory
5. The Road Ahead: Bridging the Gap and Building a Robust Network
6. NEVI Timeline

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Key Provisions of NEVI

NEVI allocates funds to states for the strategic deployment of *Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) stations along designated **Alternative Fuel Corridors (AFCs). A well-known AFC is the Northeast Electric Vehicle Charging Corridor, which stretches from Maine to Virginia along I-95, a major highway on the East Coast. The deployment of DCFC stations along this corridor will significantly improve the feasibility of long-distance EV trips between major cities like Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, and Washington D.C.

*Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC): A type of charging station that can significantly add range to an EV battery in a short amount of time (typically 20-30 minutes).
**Alternative Fuel Corridor (AFC): A designated route connecting major cities and states, enabling long-distance EV travel and reducing range anxiety, a significant barrier to EV adoption.

The Players

1. The U.S. Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FHWA): Acts as the steward of NEVI, distributing funds, establishing program guidelines, and overseeing project implementation.
2. States & Territories: Play a pivotal role in developing NEVI implementation plans. These plans consider factors such as population density, underserved communities, and existing charging infrastructure. State plans are submitted to the FHWA for approval. California, a leader in clean transportation, is expected to receive a significant portion of NEVI funds and has already begun outlining a comprehensive plan for DCFC station deployment throughout the state [California NEVI Deployment Plan]. Texas, another major car market, is actively developing its NEVI plan with a focus on strategically placing stations along key highways to connect major cities [Texas NEVI Deployment Plan].
3. Private Entities: Can collaborate with states to play a key role in acquiring, installing, and operating charging stations, leveraging their expertise and expediting deployment. (1) Established Utilities: Companies like Enel X and EVgo have extensive experience in developing and managing EV charging networks and can contribute significantly to NEVI projects. (2) Automotive Manufacturers: Leading car companies like Tesla are increasingly investing in charging infrastructure to support their growing EV fleets. They can partner with states to install DCFC stations along key corridors frequented by their vehicles. (3) Retail & Hospitality: Businesses like Walmart [Walmart Corporate News] and Hilton [Hilton News Release]  play a role by installing DCFC stations at their locations, providing convenient charging options for customers and travelers while attracting new business.

This collaborative approach between states and private entities is crucial for maximizing the impact of NEVI funds and ensuring the rapid and efficient deployment of a nationwide EV charging network.

NEVI Roadmap for Project Approval

NEVI provides a significant financial boost to states for building a national EV charging network. But how do companies and entities get a piece of the pie and qualify their projects for NEVI funding?

Understanding NEVI Guidance (FHWA Framework)

1. Eligible Project Costs: NEVI covers expenses associated with the entire lifecycle of a charging station, including acquisition, installation, operation, and maintenance.
2. Funding Allocation: The FHWA distributes funds to states based on a predetermined formula, which considers population & existing charging infrastructure.
3. Tracking Progress: States are required to report on their progress in deploying chargers. This transparency and accountability mechanism allows the FHWA and the public to monitor the program's effectiveness.

Qualifying for NEVI Funds (State Flexibility): Strategic Planning & Collaboration

1. Strategic Site Selection: Projects along AFCs are prioritized, with considerations for accessibility, safety, and ease of use for all potential users.
2. Charger Specifications: DCFC stations are preferred due to their faster charging speeds. However, Level 2 chargers may be considered in specific situations to complement the DCFC network.
3. Project Partnerships: Collaboration between states and private entities like utilities, car manufacturers, retail chains, and hospitality businesses is highly encouraged. This allows states to leverage the expertise and resources of private partners, expediting deployment and optimizing project outcomes. By demonstrating a strong public-private partnership, companies can strengthen their applications for NEVI funding.

NEVI Charging Site Requirements

• Uptime: 97%
• Ports: Minimum 4 Ports (can charge at least 4 vehicles)
• kW: Minimum 150 kW for DC Fast Chargers
• Availability Requirement: 24/7
• NEVI Funding: Covers up to 80% (maximum) of approved project costs
• Location: Within 1 mile of an **AFC
• Maintenance: Infrastructure Must be Maintained for 5 years

**Alternative Fuel Corridor (AFC): A designated route connecting major cities and states, enabling long-distance EV travel and reducing range anxiety, a significant barrier to EV adoption.

Current Stage & Future Trajectory

As of April 2024, the NEVI program has made significant strides towards its goal of building a robust national EV charging network.

Funding Allocation and Tracking Progress
Over $1 billion has already been distributed to states based on the NEVI formula, which considers factors like population and existing infrastructure. NEVI funding allocation by state can be found on the [FHWA Website].

Finding NEVI-Funded Sites
While a nationwide, real-time map of open NEVI-funded stations isn't yet available, several resources can help you stay informed:

1. State Department of Transportation Websites: Many states have already designated NEVI project websites or pages within their Department of Transportation websites. These sites often outline proposed station locations and timelines for deployment.
2. Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC): This Department of Energy resource [AFDC Website] provides a searchable database of existing and planned EV charging stations. While it may not differentiate between NEVI-funded stations specifically, it's a valuable tool for identifying new charging options as they become available.

The Road Ahead: Bridging the Gap and Building a Robust Network

NEVI stands as a beacon on the path towards a cleaner and more sustainable transportation landscape. By strategically deploying a nationwide network of DCFC, NEVI tackles the critical issue of range anxiety, paving the way for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles, while prioritizing equitable access.

However, it’s important to note that NEVI's full potential hinges on continued collaboration. Federal oversight, state-level planning, and the expertise of private entities working in tandem are crucial for the efficient and equitable deployment of these funds. By harnessing this collective effort, we can transform NEVI's vision into reality. A future with a robust and accessible charging network awaits, paving the way for a cleaner, healthier planet and a more sustainable transportation future for all.

NEVI Timeline

2021: NEVI is established by the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law
2023: The FHWA releases program guidance and begins distributing funds to states
December 13, 2023: The first NEVI funded charging site (EVgo) opens near Columbus, Ohio [Joint Office of Energy & Transportation]
April 2, 2024: The first NEVI funded Tesla Supercharger charging site opens in Rockland, Maine [Joint Office of Energy & Transportation]
2024-2026: States are expected to develop and implement their NEVI plans